Bipolar Disorder, or Manic Depression is an illness in which the patient
suffers from extreme emotional euphoria which may or may not be followed closely by
extreme emotional sadness.
Patients diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder may suffer their
symptoms in a variety of combinations. The combinations have been consolidated into three
phases: Manic Phase
Depressive Phase
Mixed Phase (both depressive and manic symptoms present concurrently)
A patient will experience different symptoms with each phase.
The symptoms of a Manic Phase include at least three of the following symptoms:
Inflated self-esteem
Decreased need for sleep
Talkativeness or pressured speech
Flight of ideas
Distractibility
Increase in goal-directed activities
Excessive involvement in pleasurable activities likely to lead to painful consequences.
A Manic Phase may last for at least a week, or may result in
hospitalization. Patients may have persistently elevated and expansive mood, or
extreme irritability.
The symptoms of a Depressive Phase will include at least four of the following:
Feelings of sadness, loneliness, hopelessness
Loss of interest or pleasure in activities
Changes in weight or appetite
Feeling guilty or worthless
Difficulty concentrating, remembering things, or making decisions
Fatigue or loss of energy
Restlessness or sluggishness
Thoughts of death or suicide
Tendency to sleep excessively
A Depressive Phase will last for at least two weeks and the patient will feel
deep emotional sadness.
In a Mixed Phase the patient will experience the same symptoms as above.
However, the patient will simultaneously exhibit both manic and depressive symptoms every
day.